5G is the fifth generation in the
evolution of mobile communication systems which is an extension of 4G
technology. In cellular technologies, usually, the service areas are divided into
smaller regions called “cells” and 5G adopts smaller cell sizes as compared to those
other cellular technologies. The basic architecture of 5G follows the same
architecture as followed by other technologies with some new adaptations on the
core side. Whereas the radio access network site still follows the legacy
architecture i.e (Base station & Mobile device) The question is why 5G as
we have already other cellular technologies?
What is 5G?
5G is the latest development in mobile
broadband communication intended for a few features which are either not
available in current technologies or do not fulfill the current and future
needs.
Below are the main landscapes of
5G for which it is being deployed and developing very swiftly.
·
Provisioning of Higher Data Rates up to 1 Gbps
·
Reducing Latency to less than 5 Ms.
·
Massive devices support up to 1.2 billion till
2025.
·
Increase System Capacity.
·
Cost effectivity and hardware reduction.
The features of 5G can be summarized as below.
5G Architecture
The three main differences that
5G is trying to create as compared to LTE are not achievable without modifying
the advanced architecture at the Radio and core end. Below is the basic
architecture always adopted by mobile communications and equally applicable for
all mobile technologies but the one that has made changes to it is 5G. 5G has introduced a few other concepts to
improve the latency and other features which we will see later. But the basic
concept of transmitting RF waves from the antenna and placing the base station
behind it and then the main connectivity with the core is still there.
(Cellular
Communication Basic Architecture)
5G is the technology that has
introduced Mobile edge computing that provides service very close to users
instead of a Data Center located far apart from the user. This concept has
greatly reduced the end-to-end latency and high bandwidth. Distribution of tasks in such a way reduces
the load on a centralized system that greatly improves the performance of each
edge data center and centralized main data centers.
The below picture clearly shows
the benefits of introducing MEC. If the RAN were connected to the core without
deploying edge nodes near to the base station, the distance could be 230 KM
which for sure increases the latency and has an impact on throughput, but the
deployment of edge cloud has minimized the distance.
(5G Architecture)
The Future of 5G
After the introduction of IoT and
IOE, the need for 5G has grown massively because it is the only technology that
can help us to develop SMART solutions. The applications related to health care
and vehicle-to-vehicle communication are still waiting for ultra-low latency
for instantaneous communication for automated and unmanned vehicles. Augmented
reality and virtual reality need bandwidth in Gbps for proper function and 5G
is the most suitable technology to support this. The industrial application of
robotic technology needs 5G keenly to unburden man in unreachable places and
difficult to work environmental conditions.
In short 5G is going to be the
technology of the future that will unveil the 4th Industrial
Revolution. In Some parts of the world, 5G has been deployed as NSA technology
and very good results have been achieved. 5G is going to bring a revolution in
terms of the economy as the sale of 5G supporting mobile devices already has
increased and increasing day by day.
5G is expected to increase the
economic output to $3.6 trillion in the international market by 2035 and it
will be one of the best markets to introduce 22.3 million jobs. The markets
that will grow due to 5G in the future are listed below.
·
AR/VR Market
·
Autonomous Cars
·
Drone Planes and Cameras.
·
Film industry
·
Robotic Technologies.
·
Artificial Intelligence.
·
Cloud Computing
·
Online Gaming
·
Mobile Manufacturing Companies
·
Educational institutes.
·
Machinery and Equipment.
·
Energy
·
Health Care.
These are the stakeholders that
will take the highest benefit from 5G technology and life after 2035 would be
much different from today. Most of our routine work will be performed by machines
and machines would communicate with each other without human intervention. That
would be an era where our fridge will order cold drinks itself, home automation
will be fixing faults through its own processes. Cars will be moving
automatically, and accidents will be reduced.
Considering the current landscape
of 5G and its penetration in the future market, it is the most anticipated
technology, that will bring revolution in human life’s.
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